Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi, guhitamo insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi n'izifite amashanyarazi make ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ingufu zihererekanywa mu buryo bwizewe, bunoze kandi bwizewe. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'ubwo bwoko bubiri bw'insinga bishobora gufasha injeniyeri, abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi, n'abayobozi b'imishinga gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku mikoreshereze yabo yihariye.
Ibisobanuro n'urwego rw'amashanyarazi
Insinga z'amashanyarazi menshizagenewe gutwara umuriro ku muvuduko usanzwe uri hejuru ya volti 1.000 (1 kV). Izi nsinga ni ingenzi mu kohereza amashanyarazi mu ntera ndende, nko kuva ku nganda z'amashanyarazi kugera ku nganda cyangwa hagati y'inganda n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo insinga z'amashanyarazi zo hejuru y'ubutaka na sisitemu yo kohereza amashanyarazi munsi y'ubutaka.
Ku rundi ruhande, insinga zifite amashanyarazi make zikora ku muvuduko uri munsi ya volti 1.000. Zikunze gukoreshwa mu matara, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no kugenzura ibidukikije mu ngo, ubucuruzi n'inganda. Urugero, insinga zikoreshwa mu nsinga zo mu ngo, mu byuma bitanga amatara no mu mashini nto.
Ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho
Imiterere y'insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi iragoye cyane kurusha insinga zifite amashanyarazi make. Insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi akenshi ziba zigizwe n'ibice byinshi, harimo ibyuma biyobora amashanyarazi, ibyuma bikingira amashanyarazi, ibyuma bikingira amashanyarazi n'ibice byo hanze. Ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe gusohoka no kurinda umutekano. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bifite amashanyarazi menshi birimo polyethylene ifatanye (XLPE) na ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR).
Insinga z'amashanyarazi make muri rusange zoroshye mu miterere yazo, nubwo zigikeneye ibikoresho byiza. Akenshi zishyirwamo ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe PVC (polyvinyl chloride) cyangwa rubber, ibi bikaba bihagije kugira ngo ingufu zigabanuke. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishobora gutandukana, ariko umuringa na aluminiyumu ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu zihanitse n'izihanitse.
Imikorere n'umutekano
Insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshibyakozwe kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira imimerere ikabije, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, stress ya mekanike n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije. Akenshi bipimwa imbaraga za dielectric, ibi bikaba bipima ubushobozi bw'insinga mu kurwanya kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu yo kohereza amashanyarazi ikomeze kuba nziza kandi yizewe.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, insinga zifite amashanyarazi make zagenewe ahantu hadasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Nubwo zigomba kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano, ibisabwa mu mikorere ntabwo ari bikomeye nk’insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi. Ariko, insinga zifite amashanyarazi make zigomba kubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza y’amashanyarazi yo mu gace zikoreramo kugira ngo zikore neza.
Porogaramu
Imikoreshereze y'insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi n'insinga zifite amashanyarazi make iratandukanye cyane. Insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, kohereza no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ni ingenzi cyane mu guhuza amasoko y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk'imirima y'umuyaga n'iy'izuba n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Ariko, insinga zikoresha amashanyarazi make zirahari cyane mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Zikoreshwa mu nsinga zo mu ngo, mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi no mu nganda kugira ngo zicane, zishyushye kandi zikoreshe ibikoresho bitandukanye. Kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye bituma zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku nsinga zoroshye zo mu ngo kugeza ku buryo bugoye bwo kugenzura mu nganda zikora.
mu gusoza
Muri make, guhitamo insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi n'izifite amashanyarazi make biterwa n'ibikenewe byihariye by'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na ryo. Insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi ni ingenzi mu kohereza amashanyarazi neza mu ntera ndende, mu gihe insinga zifite amashanyarazi make ari ingenzi mu mikoreshereze ya buri munsi y'amashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu bwubatsi, imikorere, n'ikoreshwa ryabyo bishobora gufasha abanyamwuga gufata ibyemezo bihamye kugira ngo barebe neza umutekano n'ubwizigirwa bw'imikorere yabo y'amashanyarazi. Waba urimo gushushanya icyuma gishya cy'amashanyarazi cyangwa insinga zo mu rugo, kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi n'izifite amashanyarazi make ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku ntego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-21-2024