Kuva yashingwa, imiyoboro ya X-ray yo kwa muganga yagize uruhare runini mu mpinduka mu gupima indwara. Iyi miyoboro ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini za X-ray zemerera abaganga kubona imbere mu barwayi no gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa imikorere y'imbere mu miyoboro ya X-ray yo kwa muganga bishobora kongera ubumenyi bwacu ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rituma amashusho yo gusuzuma indwara agera ku rwego rushya.
Ishingiro ryaumuyoboro wa X-ray wo kwa mugangaIgizwe n'ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: cathode na anode, bikorana kugira ngo bikore urumuri rwa X-ray. Cathode ikora nk'isoko ya electron mu gihe anode ikora nk'intego y'izi electron. Iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshejwe mu muyoboro, cathode isohora umuyoboro wa electron, ushyirwa ku murongo kandi ukihuta ugana kuri anode.
Cathode ni agace gashyushye, ubusanzwe gakozwe muri tungsten, gasohora electron binyuze mu buryo bwitwa thermionic emission. Umuriro ukomeye w'amashanyarazi ushyushya agace gashyushya, bigatuma electron zisohoka mu buso bwazo zigakora igicu cy'uduce duto dufite umuriro mubi. Igikombe cyo kwibandaho gikozwe muri nikeli gihita kirema igicu cya electron kikavamo urumuri rugufi.
Ku rundi ruhande rw'umuyoboro, anode ikora nk'ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi akoreshwa na cathode. Anode isanzwe ikozwe muri tungsten cyangwa ikindi kintu gifite umubare munini wa atome kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushonga no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi buterwa no guterwa na electron. Iyo electron zihuta cyane zigonganye na anode, zigabanya umuvuduko vuba, zigatanga ingufu mu buryo bwa fotoni za X-ray.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu miterere y'umuyoboro wa X-ray ni ubushobozi bwo gusohora ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa mu gihe cy'ikorwa. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, umuyoboro wa X-ray ufite uburyo buhanitse bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo wirinde ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwangirika kwa anode. Ubusanzwe ubu buryo bwo gukonjesha bukoresha amavuta cyangwa amazi azenguruka anode, bigatuma ubushyuhe burushaho kwinjiza neza kandi bugashira.
Umurasire wa X-ray usohoka muri uwo muyoboro urushaho kuba mwiza kandi ukayoborwa na collimators, zigenzura ingano, ubukana n'imiterere y'umurasire wa X-ray. Ibi bituma abaganga bashyira imirasire ya X neza neza ku bintu by'ingenzi, bigatuma abarwayi bahura n'imirasire idakenewe.
Iterambere ry’imiyoboro ya X-ray y’ubuvuzi ryahinduye uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara, riha abaganga igikoresho kitabangamira umubiri wabo cyo kureba imiterere y’imbere mu mubiri. Imiyoboro ya X-ray yagaragaje ko ari ingenzi cyane mu gupima amagufwa yavunitse, kumenya ibibyimba no gukora iperereza ku ndwara zitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya X-ray ryagiye ritera imbere rikubiyemo tomography ya computed (CT), fluoroscopy, na mammography, birushaho kwagura ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusuzuma indwara.
Nubwo hari ibyiza byinshi by’imiyoboro ya X-ray, ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kwanduzwa n’imirasire zigomba kwemezwa. Abaganga bahuguwe kugira ngo bahuze ibyiza byo gufata amashusho ya X-ray n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’imirasire myinshi. Amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano n’igenzura ry’ingano y’imirasire bituma abarwayi babona amakuru akenewe yo gusuzuma indwara mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa n’imirasire.
Muri make,imiyoboro ya X-ray yo kwa mugangabyahinduye uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara binyuze mu kwemerera abaganga gusuzuma imikorere y’imbere mu mubiri w’umuntu nta buryo bwo kuvura. Imiterere igoye y’umuyoboro wa X-ray hamwe na cathode, anode na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikora amashusho meza ya X-ray kugira ngo afashe mu gusuzuma neza indwara. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, dushobora kwitega ko hari iterambere rinini mu gusuzuma X-ray rizagirira akamaro abarwayi ndetse n’inzobere mu by’ubuzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2023